Luke recorded several parables in his first letter to Theophilus, some of which are not directly identified as parables by Luke. The Lost Sheep and Lost Coin were two parts of four parabolic teachings of Jesus centering on the theme of lost. These consist of the text from 15:1 through 16:8. The lost, as defined in these parables, refers to those rejected by the religious authorities. They did not meet social criteria expected and as practiced by the Pharisees and Scribes. Thus, they were rejected from any association with those entrusted with God's word and the good news it proclaimed. This theme is based on verses 1 & 2 of chapter 15: "Tax collectors and other notorious sinners often came to listen to Jesus teach. This made the Pharisees and teachers of religious law complain that he [literally, "that one"] was associating [a verb indicating active agreement in accepting, receiving, and welcoming] with such despicable people - even eating with them!" Jesus came to seek and save those who were lost. These consist of those rejected by the religious leaders based on occupations deemed unacceptable, one's attendance at the Temple services, and one's status in the community. These were man-made rules resulting in ostracizing.
The above attitude of complaining (literally, a grumbling) by the Pharisees and the Scribes showed disrespect for Jesus, a visiting Rabi, especially referring to Jesus as "this one... " instead of "rabbi," and further condemning Jesus as "... receiving and welcoming sinners... ," a major contrast with each of the four parables in Luke 15:1 - 16:8, where people in the community show more passion for lost animals, coins, sons, and servants then the religious leaders do over those they deem as "unacceptable people," implying they are not fit to be part of the Jewish community. This is explained more fully in the Situation section.

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