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Kentucky's early history has gotten lost in legend and one-sided histories. Kentucky's human habitation began, not with a pioneer in a coon-skin cap, but with ancestors of today's Native Americans. In the thousand years before Europeans arrived in what's now Kentucky, advanced Neolithic cultures -- arguably, civilizations -- called Mound Builders flourished here, only to be wiped out by epidemic diseases carried by ship from Europe. In historic times, the last Native American settlement in the Bluegrass was the Shawnee town of Eskippakithiki, which disappeared under circumstances mysterious to this day. Kentucky's history has always been strongly influenced by its topography of hills and hollows, rolling plains, deeply entrenched rivers, cave country -- and salt licks. A quest first for furs and then for land, the measure of a man's worth in Colonial society, lured pioneers into Kentucky. The pioneers' thirst for land led them into treaty negotiations and soon afterward into warfare with native nations. Amid Kentucky's land rush strides a figure out of legend (mostly false) -- Daniel Boone. In real life, Daniel Boone's ambitions in Kentucky fell afoul of obstacles -- land speculators, envious neighbors, and the Revolutionary War -- that drove him in the end to Missouri. Throughout the Revolutionary War and for decades afterward, the struggle for land between the pioneeers and the British and their native allies made Kentucky truly the "dark and bloody ground" of prophecy. Against a backdrop of intermittent warfare, Kentucky took a convoluted path to statehood -- a path that might at one point have taken it to becoming a Spanish possession. Tragically, even after Kentucky's statehood, warfare between pioneers and settlers went on for decades before the Commonwealth became "settled" land with its own set of conflicts. Even after statehood, tall tales about pioneer times persisted -- including the tale of a lost silver mine some seek today.
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