It argues that under capitalism, workers sell their labor power as a commodity to capitalists, who own the means of production, and in return receive wages that merely cover subsistence. Marx emphasizes that wages are not the true value of labor but the price of maintaining workers, while the surplus value created by their work enriches the capitalist. This dynamic divides society into two classes -- the working class and the capitalist class -- producing exploitation and inequality, and laying the foundation for class struggle.

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• Business & InvestingEconomics

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